Archive for the ‘Stock Metrics’ Category
In the last couple of posts we discussed some of the basics of the PE ratio. However, an often more meaningful measurement is obtained by, literally, flipping the P/E ratio upside down.
Earnings Yield
While the P/E ratio helps us understand the price of a stock relative to its earnings, the earnings yield gives us more of a “yield” or percentage return metric. Let’s use our prior example of Friend A from our PE ratio explained part II post.
Friend A’s company has earnings of $5 per share, and he is selling shares to investors for $10 per share. Let’s say he realizes that, given the prospects for growing his business, $10 per share is way too cheap to be offering shares. So, he starts selling shares for $100 per share. His earnings yield is simply the result of dividing Earnings Per Share by Price Per Share and expressing as a percentage:
Earnings Yield ( % ) = ($5 per share / $100 per share) X 100 = 5%
We’ll see in our next post that this metric is particularly useful for comparing different types of investments.
Tags: earnings yield, pe ratio, Stock Metrics
In our prior post (The P/E Ratio Explained Part I) we discussed the various methods of calculating the P/E ratio. However, what does it mean conceptually? Essentially, the P/E should tell you how expensive a stock is based on the earnings of the company.
An Example
Let’s say you are presented with 2 choices. You have 2 friends that have businesses making running shoes. They have both been in business about 5 years, and both businesses make $1,000 in profit per year (ok, so they are really small businesses). In addition, both businesses are offering to sell shares of the business to their friends. Friend A is selling 200 shares for $10 a share, and Friend B is selling 500 shares for $5 a share. Which is really a better deal? Let’s keep it basic and not consider the concept of present value for now.
Friend A is selling 200 shares, so let’s figure his earnings per share (EPS). We do this by simply dividing earnings (this is the profit of $1,000 per year) by 200 shares = $1,000 / 200 = $5 per share. So, the P/E is:
P/E = $10 per share / $5 per share = 2.0
How about friend B? We do the same thing - Friend B is selling 500 shares so the earnings per share (EPS) = $1,000 / 500 = $2 per share and the P/E is:
P/E = $5 per share / $2 per share =2.5
So this tells us (in theory) that Friend A’s offer is slightly better - since investors pay less for a share of stock relative to future earnings.
Tags: pe ratio, price to earnings
While the economy hovers in a holding pattern of uncertainty - I think it’s a good idea to get back to basics and really understand some of the fundamentals of stocks. So, let’s start with the metric most investors are familiar with: the P/E ratio.
The P/E Ratio Explained
In a nutshell, the P/E is simply the price of a stock per share divided by earnings per share (also called “EPS”). However, keep in mind that the way the P/E is calculated depends on what period of time you are looking at.
The “Current” P/E
The “current” P/E is the most basic variation of the P/E. It is simply the current market price divided by the most recent annual earnings per share (such as full year 2008 earnings for a company).
The “Trailing” P/E
If you look up a quote for Exxon Mobil on Yahoo Finance, the summary that is returned shows “P/E (ttm)“. This means the current market price is divided by “trailing twelve month” earnings per share. Essentially, you are taking the current stock price and looking backward at earnings for 4 quarters. Since earnings are reported quarterly, in April ‘09 you would divide the current price by earnings per share for Q2 ‘08 through Q2 ‘09 combined. Why? This gives you a more recent earnings benchmark to use for valuation.
The “Forward” P/E
Last but not least is the “forward” P/E - which tends to be the most controversial variation of the metric. Why? Well, because it is essentially using forecasted earnings for the next financial year in the denominator. Investors should consider the calculation of the forward P/E very carefully, as certain assumptions made by the analyst calculating the numbers can greatly affect this number. As a general rule, it is best to be conservative and underestimate earnings rather than overestimate them.
Tags: pe, pe ratio, price to earnings
Every investor has a favorite website for running stock screens using key metrics and ratios. However, if you don’t have to, why pay for it? That’s why Yahoo Finance’s Stock Screener is my current favorite tool for screening stocks. Sadly, the Reuters Powerscreener (which was a favorite of many) looks like it is no longer available to new users. So, Yahoo takes the #1 spot. We’ll walk you through a sample screen below. (more…)
Debt is an important factor to consider when determining whether or not to invest in a company. Like the enterprise value metric, the enterprise multiple accounts for the impact of long term debt held on the balance sheet. At the same time, it serves as an “apples to apples” gauge of value for international companies. This is because it is calculated using “earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization” (or EBITDA for short).
By definition, EBITDA excludes any taxes (which may vary significantly between countries due to differences in tax policy). This allows investors to make more reasonable comparisons between, for example, a US firm and a company based in the UK. In addition, investors on the lookout for companies which may be acquired (since the stock of the acquired company usually enjoys a nice premium) can use the enterprise multiple as a stock screen. The enterprise multiple is defined as:
EM = Enterprise Value / EBITDA
A low enterprise multiple, or a low enterprise multiple vs. industry peers, may be a sign that a company is undervalued.
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